Julia Galef explores why we cling to beliefs—even shaky ones—and what it takes to break free. Most people operate in a “soldier mindset,” defending their views out of pride, fear, or identity. But scouts do something different: they map reality as it is, not as they wish it to be.
Blending psychology, case studies, and clear insight, The Scout Mindset shows how intellectual humility and curiosity can make us better thinkers, better decision-makers, and better citizens.
Being right isn’t about winning. It’s about being willing to change your mind.
In The Demon-Haunted World, Carl Sagan laid out a practical guide for separating truth from trickery. His Baloney Detection Kit offers simple but powerful habits of mind—like seeking independent evidence, questioning authority, and watching for logical fallacies.
It’s not about being cynical. It’s about being curious and careful—especially in a world full of confident nonsense.
Sagan’s toolkit isn’t just for scientists.
It’s for anyone who wants to think clearly, live wisely, and resist being fooled.
What happens when the world’s sharpest minds ask each other the questions they’re asking themselves? From 1998 to 2018, Edge.org posed one Annual Question each year—provocations like “What idea is ready for retirement?” or “What do you believe is true, even though you cannot prove it?”
The answers—drawn from scientists, philosophers, artists, and innovators—form a time capsule of frontier thought. Edge wasn’t about finding consensus. It was about pushing boundaries.
Real thinking doesn’t chase certainty. It sharpens the question.
At its core, Bayesian reasoning is about being willing to change your mind—carefully. It’s a method of thinking where you start with what you know (your prior belief), then adjust your confidence as new evidence comes in. Instead of flipping from “right” to “wrong,” Bayesian thinkers deal in probabilities, not absolutes.
This is how scientists refine theories, how good detectives solve crimes, and how anyone—armed with curiosity and humility—can escape echo chambers.
It’s not just logic. It’s logic that learns.
Want to test ideas instead of defend them?
Bayesian thinking might be your new superpower.
An engineer turned educator, Barbara Oakley studies how the brain actually learns—and why so many of us were taught the wrong way. Co-creator of the world’s most popular online course, Learning How to Learn, Oakley blends neuroscience, memory science, and practical tools to help people break through frustration and confusion.
From chunking and spaced repetition to the power of taking breaks, her work makes deep learning accessible to everyone—not just the “naturally gifted.”
Struggling to focus? Feel stuck in a subject?
You might just need a better roadmap, not a better brain.
In a world flooded with pseudoscience, conspiracy theories, and manufactured doubt, philosopher-scientist Massimo Pigliucci offers a guide for separating sense from nonsense. Nonsense on Stilts explores what makes science reliable, how it differs from ideology or opinion, and why even smart people fall for bad ideas.
From climate denial to UFOs, Pigliucci shows how to think clearly in an age of noise—using logic, evidence, and humility instead of intuition or tribe.
Not all claims are created equal.
Knowing how to tell the difference is a survival skill.
Hans Rosling spent decades fighting global ignorance—not with optimism, but with data. In Factfulness, he shows how instinctive thinking, fear-driven media, and outdated assumptions distort our understanding of the world.
Drawing on global statistics, Rosling challenges the idea that everything is getting worse. He explains why most people—even experts—get basic facts about poverty, health, and education wrong, and offers ten “instincts” that skew our judgment.
Critical thinking isn’t just for abstract ideas.
It’s how we make sense of the real world—and see progress when it’s actually happening.
Founder of Skeptic magazine and a longtime science communicator, Michael Shermer explores why smart people fall for bad ideas—and how belief often comes before evidence. From conspiracy theories to cults, his work reveals the psychological traps that make nonsense feel convincing.
In Why People Believe Weird Things, Shermer breaks down cognitive biases, emotional reasoning, and the power of groupthink. His central insight: skepticism isn’t about dismissing claims—it’s about testing them.
If you want to believe in something, you will.
Critical thinking asks: Should you?
Key Topics: Reasoning, logic, metacognition, how we learn
Resources:
Barbara Oakley – Learning How to Learn (MOOC & book)
Daniel Kahneman – Thinking, Fast and Slow
Carl Sagan – “The Baloney Detection Kit”
Julia Galef – The Scout Mindset
Richard Feynman – The Pleasure of Finding Things Out
Rationality.org – Center for Applied Rationality
Sean Carroll – Physicist, philosopher, and host of the podcast “Mindscape”
Edge.org – Annual questions archive
Book: Nonsense on Stilts by Massimo Pigliucci
We inherited a mission—not a finished product.
The Preamble laid out the work: justice, peace, defense, shared well-being, liberty—for all.
The Constitution is the tool to pursue that mission.
But tools only matter if we know what they’re for—and are willing to use them.
That’s where we come in. Thinking isn’t extra—it’s the engine.
We do better when we think. That’s the deal.